Core Investment Company (CIC) Registration

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Core Investment Company (CIC) Registration

A Core Investment Company (CIC) is a specialized category of Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) that primarily holds investments in equity, preference shares, bonds, debentures, or loans of its group companies. CICs are the classic “holding company” structure for large Indian business groups, investors, and family offices that want to cleanly house group investments in one regulated entity.

Based on asset size and access to public funds, CICs are divided into two broad categories — CICs that are exempt from RBI registration, and CIC-ND-SI (Systemically Important) which require mandatory registration with the Reserve Bank of India. CIC-ND-SIs are governed by dedicated RBI Master Directions and are subject to capital, leverage, governance, and reporting norms aligned with the Scale-Based Regulatory (SBR) Framework.

We offer end-to-end advisory for Core Investment Companies — from structuring and applicability assessment, CIC-ND-SI registration with RBI, compliance with the Principal Business, 90%, 60% and leverage tests, to ongoing annual compliance, group restructuring, and advisory on RBI Master Directions.

₹100 Cr+
Asset size threshold (CIC-ND-SI)
90% / 60%
Group investment tests
2.5x
Outside leverage cap (Adj. NW)
RBI
Registered under NBFC framework
Regulations & Frameworks We Align With
RBI Act, 1934
Companies Act, 2013
CIC Master Directions
NBFC Master Directions
SBR Framework
FEMA & FDI Policy
SEBI (LODR / Takeover)
Ind AS

The Defining CIC Tests

≥ 90%

Group Investment Test

At least 90% of net assets must be invested in equity shares, preference shares, bonds, debentures, and loans to group companies.

≥ 60%

Equity in Group Test

At least 60% of net assets must be invested in equity shares, including compulsorily convertible instruments of group companies.

₹100 Cr+

Asset Size Threshold

CICs with total assets of ₹100 crore or more and access to public funds are classified as CIC-ND-SI, needing RBI registration.

2.5x

Outside Leverage Test

Outside liabilities of a CIC-ND-SI must not exceed 2.5 times its Adjusted Net Worth, as per RBI norms.

≤ 10%

Non-Group Assets Cap

Assets outside group investments and permissible activities are capped at 10% of net assets under RBI directions.

Public Funds

Access to Public Funds

Accepting or holding public funds (directly or indirectly) is a critical trigger for CIC-ND-SI classification.

Types of CICs

Registered

CIC-ND-SI

Systemically Important Core Investment Company with asset size of ₹100 crore or more and access to public funds, registered with RBI.

  • Mandatory RBI registration
  • CIC Master Directions apply
  • 2.5x outside leverage cap
  • Periodic returns to RBI
  • Corporate governance under SBR
  • Suitable for large group holdcos
Exempt

Non-SI / Unregistered CIC

CICs below the ₹100 crore threshold or without access to public funds are exempt from RBI registration, but must still meet the 90% / 60% CIC tests.

  • No RBI registration required
  • Must still satisfy CIC tests
  • Simpler governance structure
  • Typical for smaller group holdcos
  • Transition to CIC-ND-SI on scale-up
  • Continued MCA & tax compliance

Our CIC Advisory & Registration Services

01

Applicability Assessment

Evaluate if your group company qualifies as a CIC and whether CIC-ND-SI registration is required.

02

Structuring Advisory

Group holdco structuring, cash flow planning, and compliance with 90% / 60% / leverage tests.

03

Company Incorporation

Incorporation of a company with CIC-compliant objects or re-objecting of an existing NBFC / holdco.

04

CIC-ND-SI Registration

End-to-end support for CIC-ND-SI registration with RBI, application preparation, and filings.

05

Policies & Frameworks

Investment policy, risk, corporate governance, IT/IS, KYC/AML, and related-party frameworks.

06

Ongoing Compliance

RBI returns, MCA filings, statutory audit, transfer pricing, and policy refresh aligned to SBR.

07

Group Restructuring

Advisory on mergers, demergers, and reorganization of group investments through the CIC route.

08

Conversion & Exit

Conversion of NBFCs into CICs, exit from CIC status, or surrender of CoR with RBI approval.

Key Eligibility Requirements

Registered Company

Must be a company incorporated under the Companies Act, 2013 with CIC-compliant objects.

90% Group Investments

At least 90% of net assets must be invested in group companies in permitted forms.

60% Group Equity

At least 60% of net assets must be in equity of group companies (including CCDs / CCPS).

Passive Investment Focus

CIC must not trade in shares / securities except for block sale, or lend outside the group.

Leverage Compliance

Outside liabilities should not exceed 2.5 times the Adjusted Net Worth.

Fit & Proper Criteria

Promoters and directors must satisfy RBI’s Fit and Proper Criteria where applicable.

Documents Required

Company & Corporate

  • Certificate of Incorporation
  • MOA & AOA with CIC objects
  • Board resolution for CIC registration
  • Shareholding pattern
  • Group structure chart
  • Audited financials
  • Adjusted Net Worth computation

Investments & Liabilities

  • List of group companies & investments
  • Equity, preference, bonds, debenture details
  • Group loan book (if any)
  • Outside liabilities schedule
  • Net assets & asset classification
  • Public funds exposure confirmation

Directors & Policies

  • KYC of promoters & directors
  • Fit & Proper declarations
  • Investment policy
  • Risk & governance framework
  • KYC / AML / related-party policies
  • IT / IS security policy

CIC Registration Process

1

Applicability

Confirm CIC vs CIC-ND-SI classification based on asset size, leverage, and public funds test.

2

Structuring

Design holdco structure, investment pattern, and leverage plan to meet CIC tests.

3

Policies & Data

Prepare policies, investment schedules, Adjusted Net Worth workings, and group chart.

4

RBI Filing

File CIC-ND-SI application with RBI along with supporting documents and declarations.

5

CoR & Go-Live

Respond to RBI queries and receive Certificate of Registration; onboard into compliance calendar.

Why Structure as a Core Investment Company

Clean holdco for entire group investments
Consolidated view of group exposures
Facilitates group fundraising and debt management
Ring-fences operating businesses from each other
Supports succession and family governance
Recognized NBFC category with RBI oversight
Enables structured inorganic growth
Clearer tax and regulatory treatment of cashflows

Ongoing Compliance for CIC-ND-SIs

CIC Tests

Continuous compliance with 90%, 60%, and leverage tests as per RBI directions.

Adjusted Net Worth

Maintenance & periodic computation of Adjusted Net Worth for leverage monitoring.

RBI Returns

CIC-specific returns, ALM where applicable, and event-based disclosures to RBI.

Corporate Governance

Board composition, committees, and governance aligned with SBR and CIC directions.

Statutory Audit

Annual statutory audit with CIC-specific disclosures and notes to accounts.

MCA Filings

AOC-4, MGT-7, DIR-3 KYC, and other filings under the Companies Act, 2013.

Transfer Pricing & Tax

Income tax, TDS, transfer pricing for specified domestic & international transactions.

FEMA & FDI

FC-GPR, FC-TRS, and annual FLA returns where foreign investment is involved.

FAQs on Core Investment Company

What is a Core Investment Company (CIC)?
A Core Investment Company is a specialized NBFC whose principal business is to hold investments in equity, preference shares, bonds, debentures, or loans of its group companies. CICs are typically the holding companies of large Indian business groups, structured to consolidate group-level investments under one regulated entity.
What are the 90% and 60% tests for a CIC?
To qualify as a CIC, the company must (i) invest at least 90% of its net assets in equity shares, preference shares, bonds, debentures, and loans to its group companies, and (ii) have at least 60% of its net assets in equity investments in group companies (including compulsorily convertible instruments). Both tests must be satisfied on an ongoing basis.
What is a CIC-ND-SI?
A CIC-ND-SI is a “Systemically Important Core Investment Company (Non-Deposit Taking)” — a CIC with total assets of ₹100 crore or more and access to public funds, either directly or through group entities. Such CICs are required to be registered with the RBI and are governed by the CIC Master Directions.
Do all CICs need to register with RBI?
No. Only CIC-ND-SIs — i.e. those meeting the ₹100 crore asset size threshold and accessing public funds — are required to be registered with RBI. Smaller CICs that do not access public funds are exempt from registration, but still need to ensure that they genuinely meet the CIC tests to retain their classification.
What is the leverage limit for CICs?
For CIC-ND-SIs, outside liabilities must not exceed 2.5 times the Adjusted Net Worth. This cap is a key prudential norm and limits the aggregate debt that a CIC can raise externally, ensuring that the CIC remains primarily an equity-focused holding vehicle rather than a leveraged operating financier.
Can a CIC lend or invest outside the group?
A CIC is expected to deploy at least 90% of its net assets within the group, leaving limited headroom for non-group activities. It cannot trade in shares and securities (except for block sales) or engage in any other financial activity outside the permitted scope. Non-compliance may result in loss of CIC status and reclassification as a regular NBFC.
Can foreign investors invest in a CIC?
Yes. Subject to the extant FDI policy, FEMA, and sector-specific caps, foreign investors can invest in a CIC. Appropriate FC-GPR / FC-TRS filings, pricing guidelines, and downstream investment rules under FEMA must be complied with, particularly when the CIC holds investments in operating group companies in regulated sectors.
What are the key ongoing compliances for a CIC-ND-SI?
Key compliances include continuous adherence to the 90%, 60%, and leverage tests, maintenance of Adjusted Net Worth, periodic RBI returns, corporate governance under SBR, statutory audit, MCA filings (AOC-4, MGT-7, DIR-3 KYC), income tax, transfer pricing (Form 3CEB where applicable), and FEMA filings for foreign investments.

Design a Robust, RBI-Ready Group Holdco

Partner with our experts for end-to-end CIC structuring, CIC-ND-SI registration, and ongoing compliance — so your group holdco is clean, compliant, and future-ready.

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