The Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016 (RERA) has fundamentally restructured how real-estate projects are launched, marketed, sold, executed, and closed in India. Every promoter / developer of a real-estate project measuring more than 500 square metres or having more than 8 apartments must register the project with the respective State Real Estate Regulatory Authority — MahaRERA, Karnataka RERA (K-RERA), UP RERA, Haryana RERA (HARERA), Telangana RERA (TG-RERA), Tamil Nadu RERA (TNRERA), Delhi RERA, Gujarat RERA, West Bengal RERA, and others — before any advertisement, marketing, allotment, or booking. Equally, every real estate agent dealing in such projects must obtain a separate RERA agent registration.
Beyond initial registration, the RERA framework imposes a continuous compliance discipline on developers — 70% escrow of project receipts under Section 4(2)(l)(D), Form 1 (Architect Certificate), Form 2 (Engineer Certificate), Form 3 (CA Certificate), Form 5 (Annual Audit by CA), quarterly project progress updates, Form B affidavit on land title, agreement-for-sale in the prescribed model format, two-thirds allottee consent for plan changes under Section 14, project extension under Section 6, occupancy certificate upload, and project closure. Non-compliance attracts monetary penalties up to 10% of project cost, prosecution, project de-registration, and reputational damage. Our RERA consultancy services for developers deliver end-to-end project compliance — from new project registration, model agreement-for-sale drafting, escrow account setup, and Form 1/2/3/5 coordination, to extension applications, plan-change approvals, complaint defence, and project closure.
RERA 2016
Central Statute
70% Escrow
Sec 4(2)(l)(D)
500 Sq.M / 8 Units
Registration Threshold
Up to 10%
Penalty of Project Cost
Laws & Frameworks We Work Under
RERA Act 2016
Sec 3 – Project Registration
Sec 4 – Application
Sec 4(2)(l)(D) – Escrow
Sec 6 – Extension
Sec 11 – Functions
Sec 13 – Booking Limits
Sec 14 – Plan Changes
Sec 18 – Refund
Sec 31 – Complaint
MahaRERA Rules
K-RERA / UP RERA / HARERA
Form 1 / 2 / 3 / 5
Model Agreement for Sale
FAQs on RERA for Developers
Which projects need to be registered under RERA?
Under Section 3 of the RERA Act 2016, every promoter must register a real-estate project with the State RERA before any advertisement, marketing, allotment, booking, or sale, where the project area exceeds 500 square metres or has more than 8 apartments (inclusive of all phases). The threshold is project-wise — phased projects must register each phase. Renovation, repair, or re-development not involving marketing or sale of new units is exempt. Some states have additional clarifications (e.g., MahaRERA on plotted projects). Failure to register attracts a penalty of up to 10% of the estimated project cost under Sec 59.
What is the 70% escrow account rule under RERA?
Under Section 4(2)(l)(D), every promoter must deposit 70% of the amounts realised from allottees in a separate Project Escrow Account with a scheduled commercial bank — to be used only for the cost of construction and the cost of land. Withdrawal from the escrow is permitted only in proportion to the percentage of completion of the project, supported by certificates from the project's Architect (Form 1), Engineer (Form 2), and Chartered Accountant (Form 3). The remaining 30% can be used for working capital and corporate purposes. The escrow rule is the single biggest financial-discipline lever in RERA.
What are Form 1, Form 2, Form 3, and Form 5 under RERA?
These are quarterly and annual compliance certificates mandated under State RERA Rules: Form 1 — quarterly certificate from the project architect on the percentage of construction physically completed; Form 2 — engineer's certificate on the cost of construction incurred to date; Form 3 — Chartered Accountant's certificate on amounts collected, deposited into the escrow, and proportionate withdrawal eligibility; Form 5 — annual statutory audit of project accounts by a Chartered Accountant, confirming escrow and withdrawal compliance for the financial year. These four forms together protect allottee funds and gate every escrow release.
Can a developer extend the project timeline under RERA?
Yes — under Section 6 of the RERA Act, the State RERA can extend the project registration on application by the promoter due to force majeure events (war, flood, drought, fire, cyclone, earthquake, or any other calamity), typically by up to one year. Most state RERAs have additionally permitted Covid-related extensions in earlier years. The extension application must be filed before the original completion date, with reasons, evidence, revised timeline, and allottee disclosure. Failure to seek timely extension can trigger Sec 18 refund liability and penalties.
When does a developer need two-thirds allottee consent?
Under Section 14 of the RERA Act, after the sanctioned plans / specifications are disclosed in the agreement for sale, the promoter cannot make any material alterations or additions to those plans / specifications, or in the apartment or common areas, without the prior written consent of two-thirds of the allottees (other than the promoter). Limited "minor additions or alterations" required due to architectural / structural reasons or as per directions of authorities can be made with allottee notification but not their consent. Material plan changes without two-thirds consent are voidable and expose the developer to Sec 31 complaints and refund claims.
What is the penalty for non-compliance with RERA?
RERA imposes graded financial and criminal penalties. Selected examples: Sec 59 — up to 10% of the estimated project cost for non-registration, with imprisonment up to 3 years if the developer continues to default; Sec 60 — penalty up to 5% of project cost for false / incorrect statements; Sec 61 — penalty up to 5% of project cost for contravention of other provisions; Sec 63 — daily penalty for non-compliance with RERA orders; Sec 64 — imprisonment up to 3 years for non-compliance with Appellate Tribunal orders. State RERAs additionally can de-register projects, blacklist promoters, and freeze escrow withdrawals.
Does RERA registration replace municipal / planning approvals?
No — RERA registration is over and above all other municipal, planning, environment, fire, and revenue approvals. The promoter must already have the sanctioned plan, commencement certificate (CC), Intimation of Disapproval (IOD) where applicable, and other clearances before applying for RERA registration; the RERA portal asks for and verifies these as part of the application. RERA also cannot grant relief from non-compliance with any other law — municipal demolition, environmental show-cause, or revenue mutation issues remain separate proceedings even where RERA registration is in good standing.
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